SH-SY5Y

SH-SY5Y is a human neuroblastoma cell line established from a bone marrow biopsy of a metastatic neuroblastoma patient . This cell line expresses opioids, muscarinic and nerve growth factor receptors . It is an immortalized tumor cell line characterized by continuous proliferation. The cells exhibit a near-triploid karyotype with multiple chromosomal abnormalities commonly observed in cancer cells. SH-SY5Y cells express immature neuronal markers such as Nestin and neurofilament proteins prior to differentiation.These cells exhibit distinct characteristics and differentiation potential. They proliferate continuously as undifferentiated entities, presenting a neuroblast-like morphology and expressing immature neuronal markers. A hallmark of SH-SY5Y cells is their ability to undergo differentiation into neuron-like cells upon exposure to specific agents, such as retinoic acid (RA) and neurotrophins. This differentiation process transforms them morphologically to resemble primary neurons, accompanied by the loss of proliferative capacity and the upregulation of neuron-specific markers.