Human Chondrocytes (Osteoarthritis), also known as HC-OA, are primary human cells isolated from the articular cartilage of individuals diagnosed with osteoarthritis, typically adults, though exact donor age and gender are often unspecified. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage due to the overproduction of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. These fibroblast-like cells exhibit an adherent growth pattern and typically show a polygonal to elongated morphology in culture. Although they initially respond to cartilage injury with increased activity, they fail to regenerate the damaged tissue effectively. Instead, they enter a terminal differentiation process, followed by apoptosis, which contributes to cartilage calcification, mimicking endochondral ossification. Karyotype analysis is not always routinely provided, and these cells are not tumorigenic.
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