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Primary Cells

Human Astrocytes-Retina

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Astrocytes make up the majority of the cells in the mammalian brain. They are the most variable in type, most intimately associated with all parts of neurons, and thus most functionally interesting in their relationships with neurons. They provide structural, trophic, and metabolic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. Impairment of these astrocyte functions […]
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Product Code

HRA

Species

Human

Cat.No

ABC-TC3787

Quality Control

All cells test negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi.

Product Category Primary Cells
Size/Quantity

1 vial

Cell Type

Astrocyte

Shipping Info

Dry Ice

Growth Conditions

37 ℃, 5% CO2

Source Organ

Retina

Disease

Normal

Biosafety Level

1

Storage

Liquid Nitrogen

Product Type

Ocular Cells

Description

Human Retinal Astrocytes are derived from the human retina. Following the primary culture, these cells are cryopreserved. Predominantly localized to the nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head, they provide structural support to retinal ganglion cell axons, regulate extracellular ion and neurotransmitter, and contribute to blood-retinal barrier integrity. These cells are also implicated in the pathogenesis of various retinal disorders, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and ischemic retinopathies. In vitro, repeated freezing and thawing should be avoided during the culture process.

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Citation

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Application

  • Retinal Astrocytes are responsible for maintaining the retinal microenvironment and providing structural support. They are involved in retinal glucose metabolism, supplying retinal neurons with the necessary nutrients for oxidative metabolism. They also play a role in regulating proper immune responses. In retinopathy, astrocytes adopt defensive programs, which are disease- and context-specific, and involve the activation of thousands of genes to maintain retinal homeostasis. Studies have shown that astrocytes can trigger inflammation in glaucoma. Under glaucoma, they become reactive and change their phenotypes into neurotoxic ones. They release neurotoxic factors such as cytokines and chemokines, damaging the axons of retinal ganglion cells.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What are Human Retinal Astrocytes?

    Human Retinal Astrocytes are glial cells found in the retina, where they provide structural and functional support to neurons and blood vessels. They play a key role in maintaining retinal homeostasis, regulating the blood-retinal barrier, and responding to injury or disease.

  • What role do Human Retinal Astrocytes play in response to retinal injury?

    When the retina is damaged, retinal astrocytes become reactive, proliferating and releasing signaling molecules that mediate inflammation and repair. This process, known as gliosis, can either support regeneration or contribute to scarring depending on the extent of injury.

  • Can Human Retinal Astrocytes be used to model retinal diseases?

    Yes, Human Retinal Astrocytes are valuable in modeling retinal diseases, particularly those involving neurodegeneration and vascular dysfunction. They are used to study conditions such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal ischemia.

  • What are the typical culture conditions for Human Retinal Astrocytes?

    These cells are cultured in a specialized medium enriched with factors that support astrocyte growth and function, such as neurotrophic factors. They thrive in environments at 37°C with 5% CO2, mimicking the physiological conditions of the retina.

  • What is the significance of Human Retinal Astrocytes in retinal neurovascular coupling?

    Retinal astrocytes play a key role in neurovascular coupling, which is the process by which neuronal activity regulates blood flow in the retina. They mediate communication between neurons and blood vessels, ensuring adequate blood supply in response to retinal activity.

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