Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells are generated by introducing four transcription factors—Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc—into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) via retroviral vectors, reprogramming somatic cells into a pluripotent state. These iPS cells resemble mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, forming tightly packed colonies with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and prominent nucleoli. Under standard ES culture conditions, they express pluripotency markers such as SSEA-1 and Nanog, and exhibit strong endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity. Karyotype analysis shows that early-passage mouse iPS cells maintain a normal diploid chromosome number (2n=40), although chromosomal abnormalities may arise with prolonged culture. Functionally, these cells are pluripotent, capable of differentiating into all three germ layers. In vivo, they can form teratomas containing tissues from all germ layers when transplanted into immunodeficient mice.
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