Human Oral Keratinocytes (HOKs) are primary epithelial cells isolated from the oral mucosa of healthy donors. These cells exhibit an adherent growth and display epithelial-like morphology, typically appearing as irregularly shaped polygonal or flattened cells. As the predominant cell type in the oral epithelium, HOKs serve as the primary physical and immunological barrier against microbial invasion and chemical insults. Functionally, they participate in inflammatory responses by producing cytokines, which are crucial for maintaining mucosal immunity. HOKs express high levels of keratins (K5/K14 and K6/K16, K17) and E-cadherin. They demonstrate limited proliferative capacity in culture, typically undergoing 2-3 passages before entering senescence. These cells are highly sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles and should not be repeatedly cryopreserved.
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