Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (HRPE) Cells are primary epithelial cells isolated from the retina of healthy human donors via collagenase digestion. These cells form a monolayer of polygonal cells rich in pigment granules and exhibit microvillous projections that interact with photoreceptor outer segments, supporting phagocytic function. HRPE cells maintain the outer blood-retina barrier and are essential for retinal homeostasis, nutrient transport, and visual cycle processing. Dysfunction of HRPE integrity is implicated in retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Stargardt’s disease. HRPE cells express RPE65 and CRALBP, detected by immunocytochemistry or qPCR. Early passage HRPE cells generally maintain a diploid karyotype and are not immortalized. They are tested negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, fungi, HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-I, and HTLV-II, ensuring biosafety compliance.
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