THP-1

TTHP-1 is a human monocytic leukemia-derived tumor cell line originating from the peripheral blood of a 1-year-old male Caucasian patient diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia. These cells grow in suspension with a round morphology and have typical monocyte features. They possess Fc and C3b receptors, but lack surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. THP-1 cells show positive α-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity inhibited by NaF, and display phagocytic activity for latex beads and opsonized sheep erythrocytes. They can also restore T-lymphocyte response to Concanavalin A (Con A) and produce lysozyme, confirming their monocyte lineage. The cell line’s HLA haplotypes include HLA-A2, -A9, -B5, -DRW1, and -DRW2. Karyotype analysis reveals a near-diploid chromosomal pattern with multiple structural abnormalities, consistent with leukemic origin. THP-1 is often used in NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway studies due to high expression of associated components. The cells are tumorigenic, and non-metastatic in immunodeficient mice.